
Perennial Oilseeds
Silphium integrifolium is a perennial plant in the sunflower family native to the Great Plains and other parts of North America.
The Land Institute is domesticating silphium, which has the potential to be at least as productive as the oilseed sunflower in favorable environments.
Why Perennial Oilseeds?
- During the dust bowl years, American botanist John Weaver noted how well silphium survived in Nebraska under extreme drought. Silphium’s long, strong roots penetrate very heavy clay soil that challenges many other species. Therefore, silphium has the ability access groundwater (when present) at depths upwards of 4-6 feet thereby eliminating the need for frequent irrigation. Silphium is much more resilient to short-term droughts (from weeks to a couple of years) than annual crops.
- Silphium also provides good habitat for earthworms, hoverflies (pollinators and aphid-eaters), native bees, Monarch butterflies, and honeybees.
- Because it does not spread and uses water and nutrients at different depths, Silphium is a strong candidate for intercropping systems and is expected to provide soil protection and carbon sequestration.

Research plots, such as this one focusing on plant disease, are placed along the hiking trail in the Marty Bender Nature Area of The Land Institute.
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Project Team

David Van Tassel
Lead Scientist, Perennial Oilseeds (Silphium)

Sydney Schiffner
Research Technician, Perennial Oilseeds

Emma Flemmig
Grants Project Manager
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Related Scientific Publications
Changes to architecture of Silphium integrifolium Michx. during domestication reveal new trade-offs for yield
Ongoing domestication of whole leaf rosinweed, Silphium integrifolium Michx., as a perennial oilseed and forage crop aims to increase yields while limiting decreases in other desirable traits (i.e., trade-offs). Two…
Seeding date affects seed and biomass yield of Silphium integrifolium Michx. (silflower)
Abstract Silphium integrifolium Michx. (silflower [Asteraceae]) is an emerging perennial oilseed and biomass crop with potential to supply ecosystem services, but optimum seeding dates for establishment are unknown. Our objective…